Chapter 23 physics.pptVIP

r = r(r) E = 4pe0 r2 1 __ ____ q’ q’ = r(r’)·4pr’2dr’ V r 0 ∫ ∫ r(r)·dV = r’ * E·dA e0 = qenc E·dA = ∫E·dA ∫E·dA ∫E·dA + + Top Side Bottom = 0 0 ∫EdA + + (E ? dA) (E ? dA) (E || dA, E is constant) e0E(2prh) = lh E = l 2pe0r _____ l: linear charge density dAt E E ∫ dA e0 = qenc Side ∫ ∫ Side dAs Upward streamer in a lightening storm. The woman in the picture was standing on a lookout platform in a National Park when a large storm cloud moved overhead. Some of conducting electrons in her body were driven into the ground by the cloud’s negatively charged base, leaving positively charged. You can tell she was highly charged because her hair strands repelled one another and extended away from her along the electric field lines produced by the charge on her. Sample Lightning did not strike the women, but she was in extreme danger because that electric field was on the verge of causing electric breakdown in the surrounding air. Such a breakdown would have occurred along the path extending away from her in what is called an upward streamer. An upward streamer is dangerous because the resulting ionization of molecules in the air suddenly frees a tremendous number of electrons from those molecules. Had the woman in the figure developed an upward streamer, the free electrons in the air would have moved to neutralize her (b), producing a large, perhaps a fatal charge flow through her body. That charge flow is dangerous because it could have interfered with or even stopped her breathing and the steady beating of her heart. The charge flow could also caused burns. Let’s model her body as a narrow vertical cylinder of height L = 1.8 m and radius R = 0.10 m. Assume that charge Q was uniformly distributed along the cylinder and that electric breakdown would have occurred if the electric field magnitude along her body had exceeded the critical value Ec = 2.4 M N/C. What value of Q would have put the air along her body on the verge of breakdown? E = 2pe0r _____ = 2pe0R