用于数控机床故障诊断的软件解调技术研究.pdfVIP

第八届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集，上海，2003 年 11 月 用于数控机床故障诊断的软件解调技术研究 王靖1, 丁庆新2, 高立新1, 杨建武1 (1.北京工业大学 北京 100022 ;2.北京第一机床厂 北京 100022) 摘 要： 在机械设备故障诊断中，对于冲击信号进行解调分析是一种重要而有效的方法。在齿轮和轴承 所发生的大多数故障都是以冲击的形式出现。冲击故障信号和机械设备运转中的振动信号会发生复杂的调制 现象，而由此产生的低频冲击调制信号用普通的频谱分析可能很难发现故障。特别是具有齿轮和滚动轴承的 机械的振动信号。调制现象是表征故障特征的一种常用信号形式，对上述调制信号做解调处理，提取出冲击 振动信号，是准确诊断故障部位的一种常用的信号处理方法。本文通过对解调原理的分析，用构造的数学模 型来模拟解调过程。将冲击信号提取出来，对信号采用解调求包络信号，对解调处理后的信号做频谱分析， 诊断数控机床的故障。本文对目前广泛应用的几种数学模型作了比较研究，经过理论分析和对比实验讨论了 解调的原理以及它在数控机床故障诊断中的应用。 关键词： 共振解调；故障诊断；数控机床 The research on software-demodulation-techn ique about the numerical controls 1 2 1 1 WANG Jing , DING Qing-xin , GAO Li-xin , YANG Jian-wu (1.Beijing University of Technology,Beijing, 100022; 2. Beijing NO.1 Machine Tool Plant,Beijing, 100022) Abstract: This paper takes out a significant and effective way to demodulate and analyze the impactive signals in the diagnosis of the mechanical failure. Most of the failures about the gears and bearings appear with the shock shape. The complex demodulation appears in the impactive failure signals and the machine running, but the failures arose by the low frequency signals are very hard to find by using the common ways of the frequency. Particularly the impactive signals of the machines which have gears and bearings. Modulatement is one kind signal shape in common use that tokens the feature of failures. To above-mentioned modulation signals, the acting demodulation is handled by collecting the impactive signals. Therefore it is one kind of treatment of signal means in common use accurately diagnosing to failures. This paper deals with the analysis to the principle of demodulation, imitating with the mathematics model of the structure to actualize t