CENBiochemicalEngineering.ppt

CEN 551Biochemical Engineering Instructor: Dr. Christine Kelly Growing the microorganisms… Medium: substance used to grow the microorganisms. (Media is the plural.) In Class Assignment Form groups (not the same as usual). Write on a piece of paper what components should be in a typical microbial growth medium, and relative amounts (lots, medium, small, tiny)? Rich and Minimal Media Rich (complex) media: yeast extract, corn steep liquor, Luria, Bacto?. Complex mixtures of carbon, nitrogen, viatmins, amino acids, trace minerals. Generally unknown concentrations. Minimal (defined) media: glucose, ammonium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium hyperchlorate, others in known proportions (often have to provide vitamins and minerals [metals]). Macronutrients Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Oxygen Hydrogen Sulfur Magnesium Potassium When in doubt… C:N:P 100:10:1 Micronutrients Mo2+ Zn2+ Cu2+ Mn2+ Ca2+ Na2+ Vitamins Growth hormones Metabolic precursers Often a concentrated stock solution of vitamins and/or metals is used in growth medium. metal ions in media may require a chelating agent to form soluable compounds (ETDA a common chelating agent) Classification Scheme Heterotrophs: organic compounds as carbon and energy source Autotrophs: carbon dioxide as carbon source Industrial Sources of Carbon starch waste (potato, corn) molasses (cane and beet) corn sugar, corn steep liquor whey can use pure sugars (glucose, fructose) if product is valuable Nitrogen Some organisms “fix” nitrogen from N2 in the atmosphere Most use ammonium salts, proteins, amino acids Industrial Sources of Nitrogen Corn-steep liquor Yeast extract (expensive) Fish meal Dried blood Biotechnology Products Review Enzyme Function In order to do its work, an enzyme must unite - even if ever so briefly - with at least one of the reactants. In most cases, the forces that hold the enzyme and its substrate are noncovalent, an assortment of: hydrogen bonds ionic interactions and hydrophobic i