浙江大学大学物理甲下chapter.pptVIP

phypzq@ Chapter 43 Gratings and Spectra * Chapter 43 Gratings and Spectra 43-1 Multiple Slits 1. The spacing of the fringes is determined by the slit separation d, independently of the number of slits. The fringes are sharper (narrower), when the number of slits increases. 2. The faint secondary maxima appear between adjacent bright fringes. As the number of slits increases, the number of secondary maxima increases but their brightness decreases. Grating: the number of slits N may be as large as 104 per cm. The location of principal maxima is determined by: ?Principal maxima d is slip separation, also is called grating constant (grating spacing). ? Secondary maxima There are some minima between two principal maxima. Superposition of some phasors 3 slips There 2 minima between two principal maxima. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 slips There 3 minima between two principal maxima. If the grating has N slips, there are N-1 minima between two principle maxima. There is a secondary maximum between two minima. If the grating has N slips, there are N-2 secondary maxima between two principle maxima. Thus the more the slips are, the more the secondary maxima are, the more thin the principle maximum is. N=2 N=3 N=4 N=5 N=10 Between 2 principal maxima: N-1 minima, N-2 maxima ? Width of the principle maxima For the first minimum of zero intensity, the phase difference between waves from adjacent slits is For central principal maximum, its width can be represented by . (Figure 43-5) 72° N=5 N=2 The corresponding path difference between adjacent slits is The maxima becomes sharper. For the width of mth principal maximum (figure 43-5) Nd is the total width of the grating. As Nd is increasing, the is decreasing, the maxima become sharper. ? Intensity distribution I/I0 I/I0 I/I0 I/I0 single-slit diffraction double-slit interference double-slit diffraction grating diffraction ? Missing order m1th fringe is not seen, this is missing p