Basic principles and terminology.pptVIP

Basic principles and terminology Introduction What is plant tissue culture? The growth or regeneration of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in artificial medium under aseptic conditions. Introduction There are numerous methods to propagate plants in tissue culture. But the one principle that is constant is totipotency – all plants and plant parts have this potential. Why does tissue culture work? Totipotency: The ability of a cell to differentiate and develop into a whole plant when given the correct conditions. This is because every cell has the genetic potential of the parent plant. Plant cell Tissue Callus Plant organ Embryo New plant Totipotency Terminology Explant Living tissue transferred from a plant to an artificial medium for culture. It can be any portion of the shoot, leaves, roots, flower or cells from a plant. Terminology In vitro culture From Latin- “within the glass” performing an experiment in a test tube. All types of culture including animal cells, in vitro fertilization, etc. Tissue culture Inclusive term for growth of cells and tissues in a sterile environment undifferentiated plant cells plant callus plant tissue Terminology Micropropagation The production of whole plants from small sections of a plant, called an “explant”. Apical bud Axillary bud Meristem Usually the method used by commercial tissue culture laboratories is micropropagation, since a whole plant (including shoots and roots) is produced, which is genetically identical to the mother plant. Nowadays, tissue culture, in vitro culture and micropropagation are sometimes used interchangeably. Terminology Motherplant Ex vitro In vivo Competent cell Terminology Differentiation (分化) 細胞內開始出現一系列形態和生理上的變化，從而使愈傷組織內產生不同形態和功能的細胞。這些細胞類型有薄壁細胞、分生細胞、色素細胞、纖維細胞，等等。 Dedifferentiation （脫分化 ; 去分化） 特殊細胞形態和功能的消失 植株上已經分化的細胞或組織離體後在培養條件下逐漸恢復到分生狀態的過程叫脫分化。細胞脫分化的結果通常是形成愈傷組織（未分化的細胞團）。 Terminology Redifferentiation (再分化) 在離體條件下，細胞脫分化以後，無序生長的細胞及