英国纽卡斯尔大学生理学课件.pptVIP

30/01/2002 PSC105/10 5/02/2004 PSC101 CVS2 Cardiovascular System Lecture 6 Synopsis Cardiomyocytes Features of action potentials in cardiac tissues and the underlying ionic basis Electrocardiogram Cardiac cycle Action potential - contraction Skeletal muscle Discrete contractions (twitch) Tetanus (fused twitches) Cardiac muscle Discrete contractions NO tetanus Long refractory period = single contraction Electrical conduction in the heart Electrocardiogram Electrocardiogram ECG and disease Cardiac cycle Ventricular filling Atrial contraction Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation * The cardiac muscle Myofibrils Nucleus Intercalated disc (Gap junctions Desmosomes) Cardiac muscle fibre Spaces (Capillaries, connective tissue Cardiac muscle (1100x) Smaller than skeletal muscle fibres with a single nucleus Intercalated discs for electrical and mechanical coupling Extensive t-tubular network Smaller endoplasmic reticulum than skeletal muscles. Very efficient oxygen use, 1/3 of cell volume are mitochondria NON REPLACABLE Cardiac action potential Resting potential at -90 mV Opening of Na+ channels depolarises the membrane Na+ channels close and voltage gated Ca2+ cannels open Ca 2+ influx Ca 2+ channels close, K+ channels open, repolarisation. Na/K ATPase, Na/Ca exchanger and Ca ATPase active. Ionic distribution at resting potential re established. The cardiac muscle MUST not enter tetanic contraction! Cardiac muscle- contraction Cardiac muscle-skeletal muscle The fastest pacemaker defines rhythm (SA node, 70/min). Cells in AV node (50/min) and Purkinje fibres (20-40/min) have slower intrinsic rhythms. Fibrous, non-conducting layer between atria and ventricles: Insulation Cardiac action potential Pacemaker cells have an unstable membrane potential, they slowly depolarise. Na+ and Ca2+ channels depolarise, K+ channels repolarise. The pacemaker is regulated by sympathetic and parasym