英国纽卡斯尔大学生理学课件7.pptVIP

30/01/2002 PSC105/10 10/02/2004 PSC101 CVS3 Cardiovascular System Lecture 7 Synopsis The Cardiac Cycle Blood pressure Relations between: Cardiac output Peripheral resistance Blood pressure Cardiac contractility Cardiac cycle Ventricular filling Atrial contraction Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation * /kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html Blood pressure in the Aorta Ventricle Ventricle Aorta Arterioles Arterioles Aorta The pressure generated from ventricular contraction is used to expand a compliant reservoir, the aorta and the large arteries. These blood vessels expand and contract in phase with the heart beat, hence the pulse can be measured here. (Composition of the blood vessel wall!) Blood pressure Constant perfusion of vital organs blood pressure too low: fainting blood pressure too high: stress on the heart stress on the vascular system this leads to cardiovascular disease, number one cause of death! BP ~ CO x PR Blood Pressure Veins Systolic pressure Pressure mm Hg Left ventricle Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Right artium Diastolic pressure Mean pressure Pulse pressure Pulse pressure: Systolic P. – Diastolic P Mean arterial pressure (MAP): Diastolic P + 1/3 Pulse P Example: Systolic 119 Diastolic 80 Pulse pressure 119-80=39 MAP 80+13=93 30/01/2002 PSC105/10 How to measure blood pressure Inflatable cuff Pressure gauge Stethoscope 120 120-80 80 Korotkoff sound describes the noise that is caused by turbulent blood flow. Pressure in the system too low to squeeze blood through the artery. Narrow passage causes turbulent flow. The turbulences make the audible sound. Laminar flow causes no turbulences, the sound disappears. Blood pressure Change of posture Stress Emotion Drugs (Coffee, Cigarettes) Exercise Age Sex BP ~ CO . TPR CO = HR x SV SV = EDV – ESV Control of BP: Heart Rate Blood pressure is directly related to the cardiac output (and the total peripheral resistance) Th