一英语句子成分与句子结构.doc

句子成分与句子结构 英语词法 实词与虚词（6+4=10） 名词【n.】：表示人或事物的名称。 如 boyfriend house book ( 2 ) 动词【v.】：表示动作或状态。 如 love read see (3) 形容词【adj.或a.】：表示人和事物的性质和特征。 如 beautiful primary elementary personal affair abstract (4) 副词【adv.或ad.】：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。 如 strongly sideways regularly (5) 代词【pron.】：代替名词、形容词或数词。 如 either she some (6) 数词【num.】：表示数量和顺序。 如 six thousand zero (7) 冠词【art.】用在名词前，表示名词的特指和泛指。 只有三个： a an the （8）介词【prep.】表示名词、代词和句中其他词的关系。 如 regarding(关于) with through (9) 连词【conj.】连接词、短语、从句和句子。 如 and though but (10) 感叹词【interj.】表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的情感。 如 hush oh 句子成分 八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)、同位语(appositive)。 Say： （1）I saw your brother yesterday. (2) David is reading now. (3) You are not my cup of tea. (4) The boy playing basketball is my son. (5) All students found the exam easy. (6) She will go home to see her poor father. 3、【主语】：是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。 Say：(1) The storm caused great damage to the crops. (2) As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can cause you to put on weight. 【谓语】：说明主语的动作或状态的部分。 Say： （1）He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents. (2) He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 【宾语】：及物动词的对象或介词所表示的某种联系的对象。 Say： （1） He knows the news. (2) Lily has passed the examination of CET-6. 【表语】：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 常见的系动词有：be / sound/ look/ feel/smell/taste/remain等。 For example: (1) The weather has turned cold. (2) Three times seven is twenty one. 1)状态系动词 　　用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 　 2)持续系动词 　　用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at the meeting. 　 　　3)表象系动词 　　用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： 　　He looks tired.　 He seems very sad.　 4)感官系动词 　感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： 　　This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 　　5)变化系动词 　　这