表面纳米结构的微观力学效应.pdfVIP

第十一届全国实验力学学术会议 大连 2005 表面纳米结构的微观力学效应 邢永明 ( 内蒙古工业大学理学院 , 呼和浩特 010062) 摘要: 316L 不锈钢材料表面经纳米化处理以后，能够导致屈服极限和强度极限明显增加。本 文研究了316L 不锈钢试样表面实施纳米化处理以后纳米层的微观力学行为。经表面纳米化 处理的试件随其应力不断增加在内部基体材料和过渡层中先后出现滑移带，而表面纳米层中 自始至终均未出现滑移现象。表面纳米层能够阻滞位错的运动，这是材料硬化的微观机制。 纳米层本身具有较高弹性极限，在试件大部分材料进入塑性以后，纳米层仍然保持弹性。纳 米层能够有效防止材料表面微裂纹形核，材料的破坏是从试件内部开始的，材料将要破坏前， 纳米层承担了大部分载荷。未经表面纳米化处理的材料破坏常始于试件表面。 关键词:表面; 钢; 纳米晶; 力学性能 THE MICROSCOPIC MECHANICAL EFFECT OF SURFACE NANOSTRUCTURE Y. M. XING （School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010062） Abstract: Surface nanocrystallization (SNC) treatment leads to an obvious increase in the yield stress and the ultimate stress of 316 L stainless steel. The effect of surface nanocrystallization in 316L stainless-steel sheet on its microscopic mechanical behaviors is investigted. With the stress increasing in the SNC-treated sample, slip bands began to appear in both the base material and the transition layer successively but no slip bands were observed in the nanostructured surface layer throughout the test. The nanostructured surface layer blocking dislocation and slipping movements is one of the main hardening mechanisms. The nanostructured surface layer has a high elastic limit and does not cause slipping in the grains during plastic deformation. It effectively protects material surface from nucleation of microcracks so that failure starts in the base material. The nanostructured layers support most of the load in the final stages before failure. In contrast, the failure in the case of untreated samples of a thin plate usually starts from the sample surface. Key words: surfaces, steels, nanocrystalline, mechanical property 1 引言 文献[1]提出了金属材料表面纳米化概念。目前，实现金属材料表面纳米化的方法主要 有三种，即表面涂层（或