图形学第十章.pptVIP

10-19 SHAPE GRAMMARS AND OTHER PROCEDURAL METHODS 10-20 PARTICLE SYSTEMS 10-22 VISUALIZATION OF DATA SETS 10. Three-Dimensional Object Representations Polygon and quadric surfaces provide precise descriptions for simple Euclidean objects such as polyhedrons(多面体） and ellipsoids（椭圆体）; spline surfaces and construction techniques are useful for designing aircraft wings, gears, and other engineering structures with curved surfaces; procedural methods, such as fractal constructions and particle systems, allow us to give accurate representations for clouds, clumps of grass, and other natural objects; physically based modeling methods using systems of interacting forces can be used to describe the nonrigid behavior of a piece of cloth or a glob of jello; octree encoding are used to represent internal features of objects, such as those obtained from medical CT images; and isosurface displays, volume renderings, and other visualization techniques are applied to three-dimensional discrete data sets to obtain visual representations of the data. Boundary representations Space-partitioning representation 10-1 POLYGON SURFACES a set of surface polygons that enclose the object interior Polygon Tables a vertex table geometric table an edge table a polygon table attribute table: transparency, reflectivity, etc For faster information extraction, can expand edge table. Plane Equations Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 (10-1) N= (V2 – V1) ×(V3 – V1) (10-5) N*P= - D (10-6) Ax+By+Cz+D≠0 if Ax + By + Cz + D 0, the point (x, y, z) is inside the surface ? if Ax + By + Cz + D 0, the point (x, y, z) is outside the surface Polygon Meshes: Triangle strip Quadrilateral mesh 10-2 CURVED LINES AND SURFACES 10-3 QUADRIC SURFACES Sphere x2+y2+z2=r2 (10-7) x = r cosΦcosθ, -∏/2 =Φ=∏/2 y = r cosΦsinθ, -∏=θ=∏ (