风力发电--profile.pptVIP

能源动力与机械工程学院—张晓东 能源与动力工程学院工程热物理教研室—张晓东 动力系热工教研室 Thermodynamics 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Logarithmic wind profile z0, roughness length, height at which wind speed vanishes ?, von-Karman constant, reported value from 0.35 to 0.43, 0.4 is a common accepted value This wind profile is used for neutral condition and within surface layer. But it could be used for very bottom layer (say , within 10 meter )in stable or unstable conditions. .(15/4/2010) 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer How to evaluate friction velocity : mean winds measured at two heights are u1 and u2 Then we can calculate roughness length 风速沿高度的变化-幂次关系 简化的幂次律 关系式 指数a为经验常数,取值通常与当地的大气稳定程度、日照状况以及风速的大小有关 ,变化范围一般在0.1 到0.4 之间 无资料时，可用经验公式： a= 0.04 ln z0 + 0.003 (ln z0) 2 + 0.24 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Thickness of ABL: influenced by coriolis force, friction with ground surface Coriolis parameter ?-angular velocity of earth’s rotation, =2?/24/3600 ?-the latitude of the site Depth of ABL could be written as: C-is an empirical constant, from 0.1 to 1.0 could be find in literatures 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Some others give wind profile as ? is a function depends on stability. For neutral condition, C=1/6 “wind energy handbook” C=0.25 yields boundary layer depth close to observed daytime depth. “atmospheric boundary flows” C=0.1 yields boundary layer depth close to observation at Germany. 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer ? is relatively small in neutral condition , could be neglected Wind speed at top of ABL Geostrophic wind speed For neutral condition, A=ln6, B=4.5 uH is similar with G 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Example A site at north latitude 40?, coriolis parameter is f=2×2×pi/24/3600×sin(40×2×pi/360)=9.3490e-005 Flat terrain, wind measurements are at z1=20m, u1=8.5m/s; at z2=30m, u2=9.2m/s, then: u*=0.4×(9.2-8.5)/log(30/20)=0.6906 [m/s] z0=20/exp(0.4×8.5/0.6906)=0.1455 [m] Depth of ABL H is (C=0.1) H=0.1×u*/f= 738.65 [m] 2.4 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind spe