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第2章 习题 【2.1.2】用列主元消元法的方程组（注意：每次消元时主元的选取是各列中系数最大的）0 。 源程序： function [A,b,x] = gauss_elim ( A, b ) [nrow ncol] = size ( A ); if ( nrow ~= ncol ) disp ( gauss_elim error: Square coefficient matrix required ); return; end; nb = length ( b ); if ( nrow ~= nb ) disp ( gauss_elim error: Size of b-vector not compatible with matrix dimension ) return; end; x = zeros ( 1, nrow ); % Gaussian elimination for i = 1 : nrow - 1 if ( A(i,i) == 0 ) t = min ( find ( A(i+1:nrow,i) ~= 0 ) + i ); if ( isempty(t) ) disp ( gauss_elim error: A matrix is singular ); return end; temp = A(i,:); tb = b(i); A(i,:) = A(t,:); b(i) = b(t); A(t,:) = temp; b(t) = tb; end; for j = i+1 : nrow m = -A(j,i) / A(i,i); A(j,i) = 0; A(j, i+1:nrow) = A(j, i+1:nrow) + m * A(i, i+1:nrow); b(j) = b(j) + m * b(i); end; end; % back substitution x(nrow) = b(nrow) / A(nrow, nrow); for i = nrow - 1 : -1 : 1 x(i) = ( b(i) - sum ( x(i+1:nrow) .* A(i, i+1:nrow) ) ) / A(i,i); end; clc;clear; disp(?-???ó); A = [2 3 5;3 4 8;1 3 3] b = [5 6 5] disp(???aoó???ó?°?a); [A,b,x] = gauss_elim ( A, b ) 结果： 原矩阵 A = 2 3 5 3 4 8 1 3 3 b = 5 6 5 消元后矩阵及解 A = 2.0000 3.0000 5.0000 0 -0.5000 0.5000 0 0 2.0000 b = 5.0000 -1.5000 -2.0000 x = 2 2 -1 【2.1.4】用紧凑格式求解方程组0 。 注意：消元过程是解方程组，和回代过程是解方程组。 function [L,U,x]=lu_decom(A,b) % LU ·??a?ó??D?·?3ìAx=b n = length(b); L = eye(n); U = zeros(n,n); x = zeros(n,1); y = zeros(n,1); % LU ·??a for i = 1:n U(1,i) = A(1,i); if i ==1 L(i,1) =1; else L(i,1) = A(i,1)/U(1,1); end end for i = 2:n for j = i:n sum = 0; for k = 1:i-1 sum = sum +L(i,k)*U(k,j); end U(i,j) = A(i,j)-sum; if j~=n sum =0; for k =1:i-1