细胞生物学--第二章细胞基本知识c.pptVIP

原核细胞真核细胞基础知识 1 录象 2 原版教材 (病毒的复习) . Exocytosis is the term applied when transport is out of the cell. . Note the vesicle on the left, and how it fuses with the cell membrane on the right, expelling the vesicles contents to the outside of the cell. Lily Parenchyma Cell (cross-section) (TEM x7,210). Note the large nucleus and nucleolus in the center of the cell, mitochondria and plastids in the cytoplasm. This image is copyright Liver Cell (TEM x9,400). This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel This image is copyright Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus (TEM x20,740). Cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes also shown. Nucleus with Nuclear Pores (TEM x73,200). The cytoplasm also contains numerous ribosomes Ribosomes and Polyribosomes - liver cell (TEM x173,400). * 细胞的大小（普通细胞原版扫描） 动物细胞和植物细胞的比较（原版P16） 各种细胞器的概况（原版P16） 人体各种类型的细胞（原版P25） Golgi body  Organelle of lipid assembly, polypeptide chain modification, and packaging of both in vesicles for export or for transport to locations in the cytoplasm. cytomembrane system  [Gk. kytos, hollow vessel] Organelles, functioning as a system to modify, package, and distribute newly formed proteins and lipids. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and a variety of vesicles are its components. endoplasmic reticulum  An organelle that begins at the nucleus and curves through the cytoplasm. In rough ER (with many ribosomes on its cytoplasmic side), many new polypeptide chains acquire specialized side chains. Smooth ER (with no attached ribosomes) is a site of lipid synthesis.  lysosome  The main organelle of intracellular digestion, with enzymes that can break down nearly all polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, and some lipids. peroxisome  Enzyme-filled vesicle in which fatty acids and amino acids are digested first into hydrogen peroxide (which is toxic), then to harmless products. vesicle  [L. vesicula, little bladder] Within the cytoplasm of cells, one of a variety