定语从句笔记.doc

定语从句 Part 1 定语从句定义及概述 什么是定语从句？ (1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 (3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。 Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句）. ※定语从句两个必须:★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分； ★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。 Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句 项目 关系词 关系词 先行词所指 关系词在从句中的作用 关系代词 that which who whom whose as 1. 关系代词that的用法 用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常_______。 1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作_____,指物) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作______,指人) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作______，指物) ※关系代词that的特权和禁区 1. 特权：行使特权的条件： （1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；（2）介词没有提前。 2. 禁区： 有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。 （1）___________________（即从句前有逗号）；（2）_________提前时。 2.关系代词which的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) ※只用that 不用which的情况： (1)______________________________ This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)________________________________ The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是_________________等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被______________________修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词____________________ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词________/_________时。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. ※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况： (1)当关系代词前有_______时。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow. (2)引导________________________时。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. (3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用_________。 (4)当先行词本身是that时。 That which I had known about made them surprised. 3.关系代词who的用法 用法：指人，在定语