British_History_II.ppt

British History (Part II) Chapter Outline III. Transition to the Modern Period Henry VIII and the English Reformation Elizabeth I and English Renaissance James I Charles I and The Civil Wars Oliver Cromwell The Glorious Revolution ? The Tudor Monarchy Henry VII (House of Tudor) ascended the throne after the ending of the Wars of Roses. Five Tudor monarchs (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth I) ruled England and Wales from 1485 to 1603. 1) Henry VII Forbidding the nobles to keep excessive power Keeping peace at home and abroad (marriage alliances with the European royal families) Building up England’s navy and foreign trade ? 2)Henry VIII The reign of Henry VIII was marked by his break with the Roman Catholic Church for not granting him a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragón. Henry declared himself supreme head of the Church of England, initiating the Reformation in England. Henry VIII Frivolous image (six wives) Strengthened control over borders and local governments Appointed Justices of the Peace with full power over law and administration in the rural areas Be friendly with two superpowers: France and Spain Started the reform of the Church of England Henry VIII Henry VIII applied to Pope for a permission to divorce Catherine (Spanish Princess, aunt of Spanish King) to marry Anne Boleyn Purpose of the Reform: cut England’s religious connection with the Pope and make an independent Church of England Took the title Supreme Head of the Church of England Took away the property of the monks and sacked all the monasteries 3) Edward VI (1547-1553) Carried out drastic religious change to Protestant [pr?tist?nt] theology The Reformation in English History 4) Mary Tudor elder sister of Edward VI A devout Catholic---restore Catholicism in England 300 Protestants were burnt and many persecuted for insistence in Protestant views----Bloody Mary 5)Queen Elizabeth I daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Bol