LGW2EChapter3Presentation.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Digital Transmission Fundamentals 3.1Digital Representation of Information 3.2 Why Digital Communications? 3.9 Error Detection and Correction Digital Networks Digital transmission enables networks to support many services Questions of Interest How long will it take to transmit a message? How many bits are in the message (text, image)? How fast does the network/system transfer information? Can a network/system handle a voice (video) call? How many bits/second does voice/video require? At what quality? How long will it take to transmit a message without errors? How are errors introduced? How are errors detected and corrected? What transmission speed is possible over radio, copper cables, fiber, infrared, …? Chapter 3 Digital Transmission Fundamentals 3.1 Digital Representation of Information Bits, numbers, information Bit: number with value 0 or 1 n bits: digital representation for 0, 1, … , 2n -1 Byte or Octet, n = 8 Computer word, n = 16, 32, or 64 n bits allows enumeration of 2n possibilities n-bit field in a header n-bit representation of a voice sample Message consisting of n bits The number of bits required to represent a message is a measure of its information content More bits → More content Block vs. Stream Information Block Information that occurs in a single block Text message Data file JPEG image MPEG file Size = Bits / block or bytes/block 1 kbyte = 210 bytes 1 Mbyte = 220 bytes 1 Gbyte = 230 bytes Stream Information that is produced transmitted continuously Real-time voice Streaming video Bit rate = bits / second 1 kbps = 103 bps 1 Mbps = 106 bps 1 Gbps =109 bps Transmission Delay Use data compression to reduce L Use higher speed modem to increase R Place server closer to reduce d Compression Information usually not represented efficiently Data compression algorithms Represent the information using fewer bits Lossless data compression: original information recovered exactly E.g. zip, compress, GIF, fax Lossy data compression