Anatomy Unit 4 - Cell Theory.pptVIP

Anatomy Unit 4:Cell Theory Cellular Structures Cell Theory Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: All living things are comprised of cells. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. Cells come from previously existing cells. Cell Diversity Lots of shapes and sizes Typical Cell Cell Organization Cell Organization The cell includes two basic parts: Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell) Cytoplasm Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts) Cell Membrane Outer boundary Physical Chemical Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) Outer and inner layers Proteins Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function Cell Membrane Function of Membrane Proteins Transport (in and out of cell) Receptors Cell adhesion Cell recognition Cell Organization Cytoplasm Is comprised of: Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts) Cytosol Intracellular fluid Contains dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins and waste products Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm ER Ribosomes Particles attached to ER are ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell. Golgi Apparatus Flattened membranes Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Bean shaped Outer and inner membranes Mitochondria Inner membrane folded into cristae Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced on cristae. ATP is high energy compound. ATP only produced in mitochondria. Nucleus Nucleus Control center of cell Contains DNA/chromosomes Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell. Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus. Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei. * * Rough ER Smooth ER *