2012届高中考试一轮复习演示课件-6-5带电粒子在电场中的运动.pptVIP

* * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 带电粒子在电场中的运动问题就是电场中的力学问题，研究方法与力学中相同．常见带电粒子在电场中的运动有：平衡(静止或匀速直线运动)；变速运动(常见的为匀变速直线或曲线运动，如带电粒子在匀强电场中的加速和偏转)． 1．带电粒子在电场中的平衡 结合受力分析根据共点力的平衡条件和动能定理可求解． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2．带电粒子在电场中的加速(初速度与电场平行) 一般情况下带电粒子所受的电场力远大于重力，所以可以认为只有电场力做功．由动能定理W＝qU＝ΔEk，此式与电场是否匀强无关，与带电粒子的运动性质、轨迹形状也无关． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3．带电粒子在匀强电场中的偏转 带电粒子以垂直场强的方向进入匀强电场，带电粒子的运动类似于平抛运动，可分解为两个垂直方向的直线运动． 质量为m电荷量为q的带电粒子以平行于极板的初速度v0射入长L板间距离为d的平行板电容器间，两板间电压为U，如图6－5－1 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4．示波管 示波管由　电子枪　、竖直偏转电极YY′、水平偏转电极XX′和　荧光屏　组成，如图6－5－2所示，电子枪发射的电子打在荧光屏上将出现亮点，若亮点很快移动，由于视觉暂留关系，能在荧光屏看到一条亮线． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1)如果只在偏转电极YY′上加上如图③所示Uy＝Umsinωt的电压，荧光屏上亮点的偏移也将按正弦规律变化，即y′＝ymsinωt，并在荧光屏观察到的亮线的形状如图　④　.(设偏转电压频率较高) (2)如果只在偏转电极XX′上加上如图⑤所示的电压，则在荧光屏上观察到的亮线的形状如图　⑥　. (3)如果在偏转电极YY′加上Uy＝Umsinωt的电压，同时在偏转电极XX′上加上图⑤所示的电压，则在荧光屏上观察到的亮线的形状如图　⑦　. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.