Attention3.pptVIP

Pay Attention! Kimberley Clow kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/130/ Outline What is Attention? Orienting Cueing Attention Visual Search Selective Attention Dichotic Listening Tasks Bottleneck Theories Divided Attention Capacity Model Automatic vs. Controlled Processing Visual Neglect What Is Attention? Definition Attention is the process by which the mind chooses from among the various stimuli that strike the senses at any given moment allows only some info to enter into consciousness Related Concepts: Alertness Concentration Selectivity Control Big Issues in Attention Facts that drive attention research We are bombarded by more information than we can attend to Selective Attention Divided Attention Automaticity Some tasks can be performed with little, if any, attention Orienting We don’t passively see or hear We actively look and listen Different ways to orient to a stimulus Overt Orienting Covert Orienting Attentional Gaze Attention can be drawn to a particular location independent of where our eyes are looking or our ears are oriented Cuing Attention Give people a cue where a target will appear in the visual field Manipulate the kind of cue Valid Cue Neutral Cue Invalid Cue How does cue affect performance? Results Different kinds of cues are possible Voluntary Orienting Endogenous Cue Arrow Automatic Orienting Exogenous Cue Flashing light Find the T Find the T Find the Blue Letter Find the Blue Letter Find the vertical T Find the vertical T Find the vertical T Find the vertical T Find the Blue L Find the Blue L What’s Going On? All Searches Are NOT Equal A Is More Difficult Than B Why Is This Important? Dichotic Listening Task Shadowing Results Physical attributes of unattended channel are detected Male vs. female voice Human vs. musical instruments Semantic attributes of unattended channel were missed Don’t notice foreign language Don’t notice repeated items Filter Theory (Broadbent) Cocktail Party Effect Attenuation Model (Treisman) Presen