英语翻译cahpter2.ppt

Chapter Two  The skills of choosing the proper meaning of a word  一、词义选择法 （The skills of choosing the proper meaning of a word） I What is diction By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. The noted British linguist , the founder of the London School, Firth points out that each word when used in a new context is a new word. 所谓词义选择，就是说，它本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们去选，把其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。大家知道，在现代英语中，一词多类、一词多义的现象比较普遍。一词多类，是说一个单词可以有几个词性，词性不同，意义则有可能不同。一词多义，是说一个词有多个意思。在众多的词义中，选择出一个最确切的词义，是正确理解原文所表达思想的一个基本环节，是做好翻译的基础。它是翻译的难点之一，同时又是翻译的技巧之一。 Let’s see some examples toilet table / paper / water /glass/cream /article/powder/training/cover/soap make tea/bed/war/cloth/way/paper/shoes/a poem/efforts/progress/sentences/revolution/a decision/a big deal 吃醋/药/透/败仗/苹果/回扣/耳光/红利/喜酒/官司 be jealous /take medicine /have a thorough grasp/suffer defeat/eat an apple/get commission/get a slap in the face/ get dividends/ attend the wedding banquet/be sued in a court of law 闹/征求/提出/保留/接受/取得一致/补充几点/对某人很有意见 get into dispute/ask one’s suggestion/put forward one’s suggestion/have preservation on/take one’s suggestion ( criticism)/reach an agreement/add some points to/have complaints about (of) II Correspondence between English and Chinese at word level(对应) 1 word-for –word correspondence(完全对等) e.g. Marxism; Aspirin； laser; 2 one word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning (一词多译 ) e.g. wife ;potato;医生;人；犬 ３one word with multiple equivalents of different meaning(一词多意) e.g. cousin: carry ; 羊 ４equivalents interwoven with one another(词义混杂 ) e.g. say, speak, talk, tell=说，讲，谈，诉 5 words without corresponding equivalents(无对等关系 ) teenager:：13至19岁的青少年； prey：被扑食的动物； 阴：the soft inactive female principle or force in the world; 阳：the strong active male principle or force in the world; III Methods to discern the right meaning of words 1 E-T Translation (英译汉时词义选择的１１种方法) ⑴根据词性选择词义 要选择正确合适的词义，首先应确定这个词在该句子中属于