5ConductivePolymer2讲稿.ppt

* Two conditions to become conductive: There are two types of doping: Oxidation with halogen（卤素，如I2） (called p-doping or 氧化掺杂). [CH]n + 3x/2 I2 —— [CH]nx+ + x I3- Reduction with alkali metal (碱金属，如Na） (called n-doping or 还原掺杂). [CH]n + x Na —— [CH]nx- + x Na+ * Doping process The halogen doping transforms polyacetylene to a good conductor. Oxidation with iodine causes the electrons to be jerked out（拉出） of the polymer, leaving “holes” in the form of positive charges（阳离子） that can move along the chain. * The iodine molecule attracts an electron from the polyacetylene chain and becomes I3-. The polyacetylene molecule, now positively charged, is termed a radical cation（阳离子自由基）, or polaron(极化子). Doping process 碘分子从聚乙炔抽取一个电子形成I3－，聚乙炔分子形成带正电荷的自由基阳离子，在外加电场作用下双键上的电子可以非常容易地移动，结果使双键可以成功地延着分子移动，实现其导电能力。 * DOPING - FOR BETTER MOLECULE PERFORMANCE * DOPING - FOR BETTER MOLECULE PERFORMANCE dopant dopant/－CH＝ （Mole ratio ） σ（Ω-1·cm-1） I2 0.25 3.60×104 AsF5 0.28 5.60×104 AgClO4 0.072 3.0×102 Sodium naphthalene 萘钠 0.56 8.0×103 (N-Bu)4NClO4 四正丁基高氯酸铵 0.12 9.70×104 Conductivity of Doped cis-polyacetylene at room temperature * Examples of Conducting Polymers * * Factors that affect the conductivity Doping ratio （掺杂比） Conductivity increases up to a certain doping level （Saturated doped ratio） * Factors that affect the conductivity The Length of Conjugated Chain（共轭链长度） 理论上，聚合度为8时，即有自由电子电导。 * Factors that affect the conductivity The Temperature（温度） The conductivity of conductive polymers decreases with falling temperature in contrast to the conductivities of typical metals, e.g. silver, which increase with falling temperature. * Conducting polymer composites复合型 There has been great interest in the study of conductive polymer composites (导电高分子复合材料) for various industrial applications. Mixing conductive particles with insulating polymers can modify its electrical properties. The most common conductive filler used is carbon