非谓语动词讲解及习题.docVIP

非谓语动词 【考情分析】 1.不定式的时态和语态；2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；3.不定式的省略；4.不定式的否定形式；5.不定式的搭配形式；6.独立主格结构；7.v-ing分词名词性功能；8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；9.v-ing分词副词性功能；10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别； I.概述 1.基本形式的变化： 不定式： 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have built to have been built 1.John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.（一般式的主动态）2.He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)3.He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)4.He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)5.This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态) v-ing形式： 时态 主动态 被 动 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 注意：不及物动词没有被动式 动名词 1.I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）2.He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）3.I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.） 4.He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态) 现在分词 1.He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)2.Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)3.Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)4.All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态) 2.所做成分 项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 现在分词 △ △ △ △ 动名词 △ △ △ △ 不定式 △ △ △ △ △ △ 过去分词 △ △ △ △ 注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 II.基本知识 1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分 ①作主语。1.To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.2.To make money is not the only purpose of our life. 在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。It is important for us to learn English very well. ②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) 如：1.He managed to pass the exam.2.He promised to be here at nine.3.I didn’t expect to see you here.在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。如：1.He considered it better to lea