Wild Circuits.pptVIP

Wild Circuits Investigating the Limits of MIN/MAX/AVG CircuitsBrendan Juba Faculty Advisor: Manuel BlumGraduate Mentor: Ryan Williams Definitions: MIN/MAX/AVG Circuits We are given a circuit, C, with feedback, operating on real numbers from the closed interval [0,1]. C contains MIN, MAX, or AVG gates with two inputs “Inputs” to the circuit that are hard-wired to either 0 or 1. |C| denotes the number of gates of C Here, |C| = 3 When the output of a gate is the appropriate function of its inputs, we say that the gate is satisfied Definitions: MIN/MAX/AVG Circuits Settings of the gate outputs from the interval [0,1] are value vectors A value vector for C, v ? [0,1]|C| The ith entry, vi, is the output of the ith gate. We may also consider an update function, F: [0,1]|C| ? [0,1]|C| We are interested in two varieties: single-gate update functions and circuit-wide update functions: A single gate update function replaces the output of a single designated gate with the correct output value. We will call iterating over the single gate update functions “gate-by-gate update” The circuit-wide update function simultaneously replaces the output of every gate with a value that is correct with respect to the old values Definition: Stable Circuit Problem A vector v is stable iff every gate is satisfied. (F(v) = v) Gate-by-gate update from the vector 0 obtains a stable vector in the limit. This is the minimum stable solution We wish to find the minimum stable solution Definition: STABLE CIRCUIT (Decision Problem) We are given a circuit C, and some designated ith gate. In the minimum stable solution of C, s, “is si ≥ 1/2?” If we can efficiently solve this decision problem, we can efficiently solve the function problem: we can find 2|C| bits of any si, which may be shown to be sufficient. Unique Solution Circuits Replace any wire from x to y in the circuit with the construction on the right using m AVG gates This circuit has a unique solution (Shapley, 1953) Suppose the original