武大分子《基因的分子生物学》Section A教学.pptVIP

Section A Cells and macromolecules Molecular Biology Course Other macromolecules unrelated to MB course * Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Protein DNA RNA Polysaccharides lipids Complex macromolecules including these molecules A1 Cellular classification (Eubacteria, Archea, Eukaryotes, Cellular differentiation) A2 Subcellular organelles (Nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies, organelle isolation) A3 Macromolecules (protein and nucleic acids, polysaccarides, lipids, complex macromolecules) A4 Large macromolecular Assemblies (protein complex, nucleoprotein, membranes, noncovalent interactions) Molecular Biology Course A1 Cellular classification Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Classifying organisms according to cell types Embryonic cell differentiation Formation of spores Differentiation (link) Ester linkage（酯键） Ether linkage （醚键） Ester linkage（酯键）(link) rRNA molecules are different among these kingdoms (rRNA based phylogeny, Fig. S2) Biochemistry Replication, transcription and translation Energy production, metabolism 10-100 mm, Organelles 1-10 mm, no distinct subcellular organelles, pili, flagella Structural features Archaea （古细菌） Eubacteria （真细菌） Eukaryotes （真核生物） Prokaryotes （原核生物）(Simplest living cells) 重点 Phylogenetic tree determined by rRNA sequence comparisons (rRNA序列比较得到的系统发育树） A1 Cellular classification Fig. S2 back 典型原核细胞示意图 (类核) (毛) (鞭毛) A1 Cellular classification back 重点 Cell wall: to prevent cell lysis in environments of low osmolarity Plasma membrane: lipid bilayer and embedded proteins for small molecule exchange Genetic materials: nucleiod (single and circular chromosome), plasmid Ribosmes: protein synthesis machinery Pili: to allow the cell to attach to other cells and surface Flagella: cell movement 典型真核细胞示意图 A1 Cellular classification back 重点 Cytoskeletal Fiber： Controls the shape and movement of the cell Organizes some metabolic functions Definition: The daughter cells change their patterns of g