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Automating Image Registration and Absolute Orientation Solutions and Problems.pdf

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Automating Image Registration and Absolute Orientation Solutions and Problems

Photogrammetric Record, 16(91): 5–18 (April 1998) AUTOMATING IMAGE REGISTRATION AND ABSOLUTE ORIENTATION: SOLUTIONS AND PROBLEMS By I. J. DOWMAN University College London (Paper read at a Technical Meeting of the Photogrammetric Society on 27th January, 1997) Abstract The basic concepts and tools of automatic image registration are presented and the problems which exist are discussed. The paper describes work carried out at University College London on the registration of two images and on the registration of images with maps. It is shown that strategies have been developed which are applicable to different types of image and reference data and that with the tuning of well tried algorithms it is possible to achieve the required matching. The PAIRS technique for automatic registration of optical images from satellites has been imple- mented and tested and is now being developed for use with optical and microwave images. The ARCHANGEL system for registration of images with maps or vector data is also being implemented and initial results show considerable promise. KEY WORDS: image registration, stereomatching, absolute orientation INTRODUCTION IT is now widely accepted that photogrammetry has reached the digital age and that many processes can be carried out as efficiently using digital data as with hard copy images. It is by no means yet accepted that digital methods can offer savings in time and cost across the board and it is likely that the development of more robust automatic techniques will be needed before this can happen. At present, automation is only fully accepted in certain areas and even then the advantages of speed are offset by the possibility of blunders which must still be corrected manually. There are, however, many areas where research into automatic techniques is intense. It is the primary objective of this paper to examine the true state of affairs in terms of the practical reality of how much automation really exists in the procedures for handlin