Chapter 6PDF Economies of Scale(07-05-24).pdfVIP

广东商学院经济贸易与统计学院 2007 年上半年 05 贸 1、05 贸 2、05 国商 2 授课人：屈韬 1 Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 1 Introduction We will introduce you some new, complementary trade theories, which base some portion of international trade flows on economies of scale, imperfect competition, and differences in the development and spread of the new technologies overtime among nations. 1.1 二战后，国际贸易的新趋势 产业内贸易增长 北北贸易增加 产业领先地位不断转移 1.2 New, Complementary Trade Theory Economics of Scale Imperfect competition Differences in the development and spread of new technologies 1.3 理论比较 古典与新古典贸易理论 当代国际贸易理论 贸易基础 生产上的比较优势（如技术差异和要素禀 赋差异） 规模经济 解释范畴 产业间贸易（inter-industry trade） 产业内贸易（intra-industry trade） 理论假设 规模报酬不变 完全竞争 规模报酬递增 不完全竞争市场 2. The H-O Model and New Trade Theories 2.1 Relaxing the assumption only modifies but does not invalidate the H-O theory Factor-intensity index The technological gap and product cycle Increasing returns to scale. Complete specialization Similar tastes Intra-industry trade International factor mobility Costs of transportation and other non-prohibitive obstructions Resources not fully utilized. Trade imbalances 3. Economies of Scale and International Trade 3.1 Several points need to be clarified: 广东商学院经济贸易与统计学院 2007 年上半年 05 贸 1、05 贸 2、05 国商 2 授课人：屈韬 Which commodity the nation will be specialized in production is a matter of completely indifference. The two nations need not be identical in every aspects of mutually beneficial trade. Long existence of economies of scale will result in monopoly or oligopoly. There has been a sharp increase in international trade in parts and components, as well as in setting up of production facilities abroad. “International economies of scale” 3.2 How can increasing returns to scale increase the productivity? With increasing returns to scale, mutually beneficial trade can take place