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Can a few fanatics influence the opinion of a large segment of a society.pdf

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Can a few fanatics influence the opinion of a large segment of a society

a r X i v : p h y s i c s / 0 5 0 6 1 5 4 v 2 [ p h y s i c s .s o c - p h ] 2 5 A p r 2 0 0 6 Can a few fanatics influence the opinion of a large segment of a society? Dietrich Stauffer? and Muhammad Sahimi? Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA Models that provide insight into how extreme opinions about any social phenomenon may spread in a society or at the global scale are of great current interest. A realistic model must account for the fact that globalization, internet, and other means of mass communications have given rise to scale-free (SF) networks of interactions between people. We carry out extensive simulations of a new model which takes into account the SF nature of the interactions network, and provides some key insights into the phenomenon. The insights include, (1) the existence of a fundamental difference between a hierarchical network whereby people are influenced by those that are higher in the hierarchy but not by those below them, and a symmetrical network where person-on-person influence works mutually, and (2) the key result that a few ”fanat- ics” can influence a large fraction of the population either temporarily (in the hierarchical interaction networks) or permanently (in symmetrical interaction networks). Even if the fa- natics themselves disappear, the population may still remain susceptible to the ideologies or opinion originally advocated by them. The model is, however, general and applicable to any phenomenon for which there is a degree of enthusiasm, or susceptibility to, in the population. PACS number(s): 02.50.Ey, 05.40.-a, 89.65.-s, 89.75.-k ?Present and permanent address: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Cologne University, D-50923 Ko?ln, Germany. ?corresponding author. Electronic address: moe@ 1 I. INTRODUCTION Given the current political climate around the world, and the rise of extreme ideologies in many parts o