Fractional spin - a property of particles described with a fractional Schroedinger equation.pdf
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Fractional spin - a property of particles described with a fractional Schroedinger equation
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Fractional spin - a property of particles described
with a fractional Schro?dinger equation
Richard Herrmann
GigaHedron, Farnweg 71, D-63225 Langen, Germany
E-mail: herrmann@
Abstract. It is shown, that the requirement of invariance under spatial
rotations reveales an intrinsic fractional extended translation-rotation-like
property for particles described with the fractional Schro?dinger equation, which
we call fractional spin.
PACS numbers: 03.65.-w,05.30.pr
1. Introduction
The fractional calculus [1],[4] provides a set of axioms and methods to extend the
coordinate and corresponding derivative definitions in a reasonable way from integer
order n to arbitrary order α:
{xn,
?n
?xn
} → {xα,
?α
?xα
} (1)
The definition of the fractional order derivative is not unique, several definitions
e.g. the Riemann, Caputo, Weyl, Riesz, Gru?nwald fractional derivative definition
coexist [6]-[13]. To keep this paper as general as possible, we do not apply a specific
representation of the fractional derivative operator.
We will only assume, that an appropriate mapping on real numbers of coordinates
x and fractional coordinates xα and functions f and fractional derivatives g exists and
that a Leibniz product rule is defined properly. Therefore we use xα as a short hand
notation for e.g. sign(x)|x|α as demonstrated in [5] and ?αx = ?
α/?xα as a short hand
notation for e.g. the fractional left and right Liouville derivative (Dα+, D
α
?
):
(Dα+f)(x) =
1
Γ(1? α)
?
?x
∫ x
?∞
dξ (x? ξ)?αf(ξ) (2)
(Dα
?
f)(x) =
1
Γ(1? α)
?
?x
∫
∞
x
dξ (ξ ? x)?αf(ξ) (3)
which may be combined via
?αx f(x) =
Dα+ ?D
α
?
2 sin(απ/2)
f(x) (4)
= Γ(1 + α)
cos(απ/2)
π
∫
∞
0
f(x+ ξ)? f(x? ξ)
ξα+1
dξ (5)
0 ≤ α 1
Fractional Spin 2
For this derivative definition, the invariance of the scalar product follows:∫
∞
?∞
(
?α
?xα
?
f?(x)
)
g(x)dx = ?
∫
∞
?∞
f(x)?
(
?α
?xα
g(x)
)
dx (6)
where ? denotes the complex conjugate.
The Leibniz
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