In vitro culture of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata to supply the antitumor compounds ectein.pdf

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In vitro culture of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata to supply the antitumor compounds ectein.pdf

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In vitro culture of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata to supply the antitumor compounds ectein

Aquaculture 241 (2004) 427–439 /locate/aqua-onlineIn vitro culture of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata to supply the antitumor compounds ecteinascidins Alan R. Duckworth*, Gail A. Samples, Amy E. Wright, Shirley A. Pomponi Division of Biomedical Marine Research, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc., 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA Received 29 March 2004; received in revised form 11 August 2004; accepted 11 August 2004Abstract In vitro culture of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata is one possible method for supplying ecteinascidins, compounds that have strong antitumor properties. However, appropriate feeding regimes that maximize both zooid growth and biosynthesis of ecteinascidins need to be determined. In one experiment lasting 51 days, E. turbinata colonies were fed mono- and multispecific diets of three microalgae species, Chaetoceros gracilis, Isochrysis galbana, and Nannochloropsis sp., at an initial concentration of 80,000 cells ml1. Growth (zooid number per colony and mean zooid length) was greatest overall for colonies fed a monospecific diet of I. galbana or a mixed diet of C. gracilis and I. galbana, probably because these two diets best met the nutritional requirements of E. turbinata. In a separate experiment lasting 31 days, E. turbinata colonies were fed the two best diets at three cell concentrations: 80,000; 160,000; and 320,000 cells ml1. Final zooid number per colony was greatest for E. turbinata fed the two highest food concentrations, while final zooid length was greatest on the mixed diet of C. gracilis and I. galbana. The production of ecteinascidins per colony (Ag) was also significantly affected by the feeding regime, being greatest for ascidians fed microalgae at 160,000 and 320,000 cells ml1. Ecteinascidin production for ascidians fed at the two highest cell concentrations showed a tenfold increase over 31 days, thus indicating that in vitro culture is one possible method of supplying the antitumor compound. O