原创力文档Quantum description of the orientational degrees of freedom in a biaxial nematic liquid.pdf
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Quantum description of the orientational degrees of freedom in a biaxial nematic liquid
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Quantum description of the orientational
degrees of freedom in a biaxial nematic liquid
Jorge Alfaro ?, Oscar Cubero
Facultad de F??sica
Universidad Cato?lica de Chile
Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
and
Luis F. Urrutia
Departamento de F??sica de Altas Energ??as
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
Universidad Nacional Auto?noma de Me?xico
Apartado Postal 70-543, 04510 Me?xico, D.F.
February 1, 2008
Abstract
The quantum mechanical version of a classical model for studying the orientational
degrees of freedom corresponding to a nematic liquid composed of biaxial molecules
is presented. The effective degrees of freedom are described by operators carrying an
SU(3) representation, which allows the explicit calculation of the partition function
in the mean field approximation. The algebraic consistency conditions are solved nu-
merically and the equilibrium phases of the system are determined. In particular, the
entropy, the specific heat and the order parameters are presented for different choices
of the constituent biaxial molecules. Our results reproduce the classical calculation in
the limit of high temperatures and high quantum numbers.
PACS codes: 05.30, 64.60.C, 64.70.M
Keywords: quantum statistical mechanics, phase transitions, model systems in liquid
crystals, mean field approximation.
?e-mail address: jalfaro@lascar.puc.cl .
0
1 Introduction
Nematic liquids constitute a particular case of the phases denominated with the generic
name of liquid crystals [1, 2]. This is a state of matter which is intermediate between the
liquid and the solid phases. It lacks the positional symmetry characterizing the lattice of a
crystal, which makes it similar to a liquid, but it retains some orientational symmetry that
is not present in a normal (isotropic) liquid. The molecules forming a liquid crystal can be
roughly caracterized as rod-like or disc-like, and the corresponding orientational symmetry is
manifested
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