量子场论中的对称性概述-zzll.pdfVIP

tf|?￥é?5V? ? SJuly 21, 2010 Abstract ?F(ü+?§tf|?￥Noether?né|?￥?Yé?C? ??{üV?§?ò?éXLy?5 Contents 1 +? 1 1.1 l+?Y?±?o[1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 uLorentz?C5ú??2￡?O?[1] . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Poincare+L?￥?±?o[1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 tf|￥é?5L? 4 2.1 l2;|?O?Etf??[2][3][4][5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 tf|C?X[6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 +? +??±w?·?§￡???NX???3?Aé?C?e§AT? kNC?5? 1.1 l+?Y?±?o[1] ￡?C??Dê?ó?′+?￡3C?÷v+úncJe¤XJT = {T1, T2, . . . }?±^?Y?ê{θ1, θ2, . . . θi . . . }?1?êz§K?±òùL? ?T (θ1, θ2, θ3 . . . θi . . . )ùpIP?óu??êPò(f(θ1, θ2, . . . θ3 . . . )′ ê→êN§ T (θ1, θ2, . . . θi . . . )′ê→????N) duT (θ1, θ2, . . . θi . . . )¤+§?d?eafAT÷vμ T (0, 0, . . . 0 . . . ) = e, (1) =ü???￡e??¤35§ùp?ê??0??e T (θ1, θ2, θ3 . . . θi . . . )T (θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 . . . θ i . . . ) 1 = T [. . . fα(θ1, θ2, . . . θ3 . . . ; θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 . . . θ i . . . ) . . . ], (2) ta′+(ü?fα(θ1, θ2, . . . θ3 . . . ; θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 . . . θ i . . . )L2 +?ê (üX§??B§òùP?fα(θ, θ),(2)?±{?μ T (θα)T (θ α ) = T [fα(θ, θ)], (3) d(1),(2)?μ θα = 0?§eT (θ α ) = T [fα(0, θ)] θ α = 0?§T (θα)e = T [fα(θ, 0)], (4) X??ˉ￠′?éT (θα)3F?A?mL?§Wignery2ù? L??±′N???du+L?7L÷v+(ü5??Cμ U [T (θ)]U [T (θ)] = U{T [f(θ, θ)]}, (5) ·??±l(5)af|?U??uC?+Eμ éu3ü???NC?§?±^30NCTaylorDmμ U [T (θ)] = 1 + iθαtα + 1 2! θαθβtαβ + . . . , (6) teI-EL?|ú????¤iθαtα§?±2ww?μ? |U ?[T (θ)] = U?1[T (θ)],?μ tα = t ? α, (7) aqk±eúaμ U [T (θ)] = 1 + iθ l tl + 1 2! θ l θ m tlm + . . . U{T [f(θ, θ)]} = 1 + ifαtα + 1 2! tabf af b + . . . = 1 + i(fad θ d + fae θ e + F ajkθ jθk + faghθ gθ h +Haopθ o θ p + . . . )ta + 1 2! tab(f a μθ μ + faη θ η + . . . )(f bξ θ ξ + faσθ σ + . . . ) + . . . (8) òt?Dma?\(6)a§??duθα§θ β ′0NC???êμ éuθα?kμ itα = if a αta =? faα = δaα éuθαθ l ?kμ 1 2! tαβ = iF a αβta + 1 2! tabf a αf b β =? F aαβ = 0 éuθαθ l ?k: 2 ?tαtl = ifaαlta + 1 2! tαl + 1 2! tlα tltα = ?ifalαta ? 1 2