雨水管理设计选读.pptxVIP

Design of Stormwater Controls雨水管理设计 1 Daniel E. Medina, PhDFellow Washington DC Outline 大纲 Basins 集水盆地 Swales and strips 草沟带 Filters 过滤 Infiltrators 渗滤设施 Gross pollutant traps 污染物整体拦截 2 Infiltrators 渗滤设施 UOs in which the entire design capture volume infiltrates to the soil and percolates to shallow aquifers from which it flows to streams as interflow 整个设施捕捉的雨水下渗到土壤和浅水层中，之后整股地汇入溪流。 Most effective when distributed over the drainage area 在整个排水区范围使用效率最好 Designed using Darcy’s law for unsaturated flow 使用不饱和流达西定理设计 Performance depends on infiltration properties of soils 渗透介质决定性能 Two general types: 一般有两种类型： Surface infiltrators 表面渗滤 Underground infiltrators 地下渗滤 3 4 蒸发蒸腾 表面储水层 饱和水力传导率 原始土 岩基/季节性地下水 岩基/季节性地下水 饱和水力传导率 透水或普通铺面 地下储水设施 管道或水箱 砾石层 透水铺面地基 至少1.2米 至少1.2米 Performance depends on soil properties 渗透介质决定性能 Hydrologic soil groups – fine to use 水力介质 – 可以使用 USDA soil texture classifications – much better! USDA土壤成分分类 – 更好！(Saxton, K. E. (2009) Soil Water Characteristics: Hydraulic Properties Calculator /soilwater/Index.htm) Low temperatures reduce hydraulic conductivity 低气温降低介质的水力传导率 Types: 类型： Infiltration basins 渗滤池 Infiltration trenches and vaults 渗滤沟和水窖 Dry wells 干井 Permeable pavement 透水铺面 5 Infiltrators 渗滤设施 Infiltrators-filter combination渗滤-渗透的组合 Useful when soil infiltration is too fast or too slow 当渗滤介质太快或太慢时，使用这样的组合 6 Infiltration Basin 渗滤池 A dry basin that captures the design volume and allows it to percolate into the ground 渗滤池捕捉雨水达到设计容量后，将雨水释放到地下 Surface infiltrator 表面渗滤 UPs Volume reduction (evapotranspiration and infiltration) 减少径流量（蒸发蒸腾和下渗） Peak flow attenuation 削峰作用 Filtering 过滤 Sorption 吸附作用 Biological processes 生物过程 Temperature reduction 降低温度 7 8 Infiltration Basin 渗滤池 Treats drainage areas of 2-20 ha (5-50 acres) 可处理的排水范围达到2-20公顷（5-50英亩） Requires permeable soils 需要使用透水介质 Infiltration rates need to be field tested 下渗率需要实地测试 Too high of a rate may not allow adequate filtration (e.g., karst); need an upstream filter 过高的下渗滤可能导致过滤