初级英语语法第11讲--冠词 量词 名词 王衡英语 小升初英语四轮复习法.ppt

一、冠词讲解 1、什么是冠词： 冠词放在名词之前，用来说明名词所指的人或事物。 2、冠词分类： 定冠词：the 不定冠词：a 和 an 3、冠词含义： “the”相当于“this/that/these/those”，翻译成“这” “a和an”相当于“one”，翻译成“一个、一只……” 4、冠词特点： (1)它们本身都不能单独使用 ，必须和名词一起使用。 (2) a/an + 单数可数名词 the + 可数名词/不可数名词，单复数均可，表示特指。 如：a dog , an orange , the dog, the dogs, the water, the hair 一、冠词讲解 5、冠词用法——不定冠词a/an 的用法： ⑴用在单数名词前，表一类或一个事物 如：He is a girl. ⑵用于第一次提到的和泛指的“单数可数名词” 如：Do you have a ruler? ⑶用于某些固定词组中 如：a lot of ⑷an 和a 的用法相同，只是an要用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。 如：a pen，an old man ，an hour ，a baby 一、冠词讲解 练习：用a和an填空 ____ useful bag ____ apple ____ umbrella ____ old man ____ European ____ big pig ____ egg ____ orange ____ hot dog ____ pencil-box ____ hour ____ nice boy There is _____ u in the word hour. There is _____h in the word hour. 一、冠词讲解 6、冠词用法——定冠词the 的用法： （1）句子中第一次出现名词时，用an/a，第二次出现时用the 如：There is a dog on the table, I like it very much because the dog is so cute. （2）the放在名词之前，相当于this,表示特指，可以翻译为“这”， 如：the book(=this book)这本书 （3）The+形容词 代表“一类人”， 如：the old 老年人 the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人 The Old Cat An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it. Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I had caught a lot of mice, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young. 二、量词用法 1、什么是量词？ 表示物体数量的词 2、量词种类 (1)精确数字： one, two, three, four, five, six....等表示精确数字的数词。用来修饰可数名词的数量。 例如：two apples ， five dogs (2) 表示“一些”、“许多”的词或词组： 许多：much, many, a lot of…… 一些、一点：some, a little, a few…… 等表示不精确数量的词。 例：many books ， much water ， a lot of cats (3)用容器单位来表示数量的量词 a cup o