量子力学英文课件格里菲斯Chapter1分解.ppt

;Outline; Imagine a particle of mass m, constrained to move along the x-axis, subject to some specified force F(x,t): ;How does it do by CM or NM?; However, Quantum Mechanics approaches this same problem quite differently! ;NOTE: The Schr?dinger Equation, not derived but guessed at intuitively (直觉) , would then be a postulate (假设) of new theory, and its validity would have to be checked by experiment !;;Fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics：;What exactly is this “wave function” ? ; The wave function ?(r,t) itself is complex, not any physical means, but |?(r,t)|2=?*? ( where ?* is the complex conjugate of ? ) is real and nonnegative — as a probability, of course, must be.; The answer is provided by Born’s statistical interpretation of the wave function, which says that |?(x,t)|2 gives the probability of finding the particle at point x, at time t — or more precisely :;For example:;Quantum Mechanics has to offer is statistical information about the possible results ! ; This indeterminacy has been profoundly(深深地) disturbing to physicists and philosophers alike. ; Suppose we do measure the position of the particle, and we find it to be at the point C. ; Answer 1. The realist (现实的) position: The particle was at C. ; Answer 2. The orthodox(公认的) position: The particle was not really anywhere. ;Answer 3. The agnostic (不可知论的) position: Refuse to answer. ; For decades this was the “fall back” position of most physicists: They’d try to sell you answer 2, but if you were persistent they’d switch to 3 and terminate (结束) the conversation.; Bell’s discovery effectively eliminated agnosticism as a viable (可行的) option (选择), and made it an experimental question whether 1 or 2 is the correct choice. ;For now, suffice(满足…的需要) it to say that the experiments have confirmed decisively(决然地) the orthodox inter- pretation: ;What if we made a second measurement, immediately after the first? ; How does the ortho