H主被动语态考查要点简述.doc

主动语态（Active voice）和被动语态（Passive voice） 概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be + done) 1)宾语 -----------主语 2)谓语动词(vt) ---------- “be+过去分词” 3)主语 ---------by+(宾格）有时可以省略 Many people speak English.(主动语态)------English is spoken by many people.(被动语态) 注意：及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。 如：break out、take place、happen, occur 使用被动语态的场合 动作的执行者不言自明 We are encouraged to study hard. 没必要说出动作的执行者 A third ring will be built around this city. 不知道谁是动作的执行者 The house has been broken into. 有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如： It is hoped that … 希望…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It is said that … 据说… It is well known that …众所周知…… It is believed that … 人们相信…… It is thought that … 人们认为…… . 以see为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式 时态 主动语态 被动语态(be+过去分词） 一般现在时 see / sees am(is,are)+seen 一般过去时 saw was(were)+seen 一般将来时 will (shall) +see will(shall)+be+seen 现在进行时 am(is,are)+seeing am(is,are)+being+seen 过去进行时was(were)+seeing was(were)+being+seen 现在完成时 have(has)+seen have(has)+been+seen 过去完成时had+seen had+been+seen 含情态动词 情态动词+see 情态动词+be+seen V.被动语态的注意事项 1.“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如I’m interested in mathematics. 2）.He seems unsatisfied with his work.3).Tom was surprised at the news. 2.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义A.表示感官的动词：look, smell, taste , feel, wear ,sound, etc. Eg.The water feels cool. B. read, sell, wash, write, open, cut, shut, keep, +adv, ,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:1). The pen writes smoothly. 2). That book sells well. 3). This kind of shirt washes easily. 4)The door doesn’t open easily. C.表示sth需要被做 be worth doing need /want/ require doing 某事需要被做 1）This dictionary is well worth buying. 2）The bike needs /wants/ requires repairing. D.被动形式表示主动意义的情况：be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着 Be seated , please.She is dressed in a red skirt.她穿着红色的衬衫 He was lost in the thick forest. 在茂密的森林他迷路了 We are prepared