人教版高中英语必修1_unit_2_Grammar.ppt

Ｄirect ﹠ Indirect Speech (request﹠command) 直接引语和间接引语－祈使句和疑问句 概念： 直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词要根据语境选用含有祈使意义的动词，如tell, ask, order, advise, remind, request,　suggest, insist等，引语的动词改成不定式．如果祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式前加not． 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。 1.如果直接引语为比较客气的请求（其中常用please)时，转变为：ask sb. (not) to do sth.　如： He said to me, ”Shut the window, please.” → He asked me to shut the window. 2.如果直接引语表示的是平等关系的人之间一般的要求时，转变为：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 如： The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking!”→ The teacher told the students to stop talking. 3.如果直接引语表示的是比较强硬的指令要求（如上级对下级）时，转变为：order sb. (not) to do sth. 如： The officer said, “Go away.” → The officer ordered us to go away. ４．直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或 said时，要改为 ask 或asked，原问句变成由连词if或 whether引导的宾语从句．没有间接宾语的，可以根据情况加上．如： He said,” Are you interested in English?” → He asked (me) if I was interested in English. She said,” Did you see him last night?” → She asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before. 用法归纳及注意事项： １．当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，其人称、时间状语和地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接的方法进行相应地改变。如： One of the doctors said ,”Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Smith.” → One of the doctors asked Dr. Smith to let him go on with the operation. (该句直接引语中有个称呼语Ｄr. Smith，一般把它当作宾语用） 祈使句的间接引语还原为直接引语时，也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。如： Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. → “Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him. 2．当直接引语是祈使句时，变成间接引语的要点是：去掉引号要加to, ask, order须记住，直引若是否定式，not 加在to前面。 ３．祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去.如： “Please tidy the lab,” she said. → 她说：”请把实验室整理一下。“ She asked me to tidy the lab. 她叫我把实验室整理一下。 ４．有些表示建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可以用suggest, insist, offer ,advise等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。如： He said, “Let’s go to the park.” → He suggested (our) going to the park. /He suggested that we (should) go to the park. /He advised us to go to the park. “Stay here for lunch,” he said again and again. → He insisted on my staying there for lunch. /He insisted that I (should) stay there for lunch. He said ,”Let me do it for you.” He offered to do it for me. 5．直接引语如