Formation of the Supercluster-Void Network.pdf

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 6 0 9 6 8 6 v 1 2 5 S e p 2 0 0 6 Formation of the Supercluster-Void Network Jaan Einasto Tartu Observatory, 61602 To?ravere, Estonia February 5, 2008 Abstract A review of the study of superclusters based on the 2dFGRS and SDSS is given. Real superclusters are compared with models using simulated galaxies of the Millen- nium Run. We show that the fraction of very luminous superclusters in real samples is about five times greater than in simulated samples. Superclusters are generated by large-scale density perturbations which evolve very slowly. The absence of very luminous superclusters in simulations can be explained either by non-proper treat- ment of large-scale perturbations, or by some yet unknown processes in the very early Universe. 1 Introduction Superclusters are the most extensive density enhancements in the Universe of common origin. Investigation of large systems of galaxies was pioneered by the study of the Local Supercluster by de Vaucouleurs (1953), and by Abell (1961) using rich clusters of galaxies by Abell (1958) and Abell et al. (1989). Superclusters consist of galaxy systems of different richness: single galaxies, galaxy groups and clusters, aligned in chains (Jo?eveer, Einasto Tago (1978), Gregory Thompson (1978), Zeldovich, Einasto Shandarin (1982)). New deep galaxy surveys, such as the Las Campanas Galaxy Redshift Survey, the 2 degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS, Colless et al. (2001), (2003)) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, Adelman-McCarthy et al. (2006)) cover large areas in the sky and are almost complete up to fairly faint apparent magnitudes. Thus these surveys are convenient to detect superclusters using both galaxy and cluster data. This possibility has been used by Basilakos (2003), Basilakos et al. (2001), Erdogdu et al. (2004), Porter and Raychaudhury (2005), and Einasto et al. (2003a), (2003b), (2005), (2006a). The goal of the present review is to analyse properties of supercl