lacements The Effect of Building Height Variation on the Multiple Diffraction Loss Componen.pdf

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lacements The Effect of Building Height Variation on the Multiple Diffraction Loss Componen.pdf

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lacements The Effect of Building Height Variation on the Multiple Diffraction Loss Componen

The Effect of Building Height Variation on the Multiple Diffraction Loss Component of the Walfisch-Bertoni Model David Crosby , Steve Greaves , Andy Hopper Cambridge Broadband Ltd., Edinburgh House, Cowley Rd, Cambridge CB4 0DS, U.K. email: dcrosby@ LCE, Dept. of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. Abstract— The Walfisch model predicts the average path loss from a conceptualised model of the propagation environment in which propagation is assumed to take place over rows of buildings of equal height and spacing. The prop- agation loss is then separated into that resulting from free space wave- front spreading, multiple forward-diffraction past the rows of buildings and diffraction over the final rooftop down to the receiver. In this paper we use numerical simulations to examine the effect of ran- dom building height variations on the multiple diffraction loss component of the model. In particular, our results show that the average multiple diffrac- tion loss component is increased by any building height variations. A simple equation, which agrees to within 1 dB of the simulation results, and that re- lates building height variations, wavelength and average building separation to the increase in average multiple diffraction loss, is presented. I. INTRODUCTION The Walfisch-Bertoni [1] model is used widely for predicting the average path loss for mobile systems in urban areas. The model assumes that the street grid in a typical city organises buildings into rows that are nearly parallel and that an idealised represen- tation for the urban environment would therefore be as shown in Figure 1, where the precise heights and spacings of the buildings have been ignored and the profile is characterised by just two parameters: the mean building spacing , and the mean build- ing height . The transmitting antenna is positioned at height above rooftop level and the receiver antenna is positioned at distance relative to rooftop height. Wit