初高中衔接之定语从句合编.ppt

定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 ?The man is a policeman. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 注意：弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 who??指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?1. Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?had?lost?his?way. whom??指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who?来代替。 Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy (whom) I?want?to?see. The?professor (whom) you?are?waiting?for?has?come.? which?指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football?is?a?game?which?is?liked?by?most?boys.? The?film?(which)?they?went?to?see?last?nig-ht?was?not?interesting?at?all.? that?指人时，相当于who?或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where?is?the?man (that/whom) I?saw?this?morning??? The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. whose??指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I?visited?a?scientist?whose?name?is?known?all?over?the?country.? He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor.? 注意：可用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. The house the windows of which are broken is empty. 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why等。when, where, why都在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。 when??指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I?still?remember?the?day?when?I?first came?to?this?school.?? ② October?1,?1949?was?the?day?when? the?Peoples?Republic?of?China?was?founded. where??指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai?is?the?city?where?I?was?born.? The?house?where?I?lived?ten?years?ago?has?been?pulled?down.? why??指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please?tell?me?the?reason?why?you?missed?the?plane. ?注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： Ill never forget the day when/on which I first met you. Great?changes?are?taking?place?in?the?city?where/in?which?they?live.?? 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上