第二部分第八讲.ppt

第二部分 语法专项突破 第八讲　定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系 代词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 who whom 人 人 主语、宾语 宾语 (2014·湖南五市第一次联考) Sarah Brightman，who will fly to space in 2015，will be the first woman to fly there in the field of music. Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working. 关系代词 指代 范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 that which 人或物 主语、宾语表语(不引导非限制性定语从句) ①A plane is a machine that can fly. ②I don’t know the man (that) you mentioned. 物 主语、宾语 ①The book which you borrowed yesterday is really interesting. ②The train which has just left is for Beijing. 关系 代词 指代 范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 whose 人或物 定语 ①Do you know the boy whose father (the father of whom/of whom the father) is an engineer? ②He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) face south. 1．(2013·高考福建卷)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected. A．whose　　　 B．that　　　 C．who　　　 D．which A 解析：句意:这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。根据句意可判断所选连词引导的是定语从句。定语从句中关系词的选择是由关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定的。题干中先行词是代词those，表示“那些人”，而在定语从句中缺乏的成分意思应是“那些人的”，所以只有关系代词whose符合题意，whose在定语从句中作定语。关系代词that，who和which在定语从句中只能作主语或宾语。解答这类题目的关键在于分析定语从句中所缺的成分，也就是关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。 2．(2013·高考山东卷)Finally he reached a lonely island _____ was completely cut off from the outside world. A．when B．where C．which D．whom 解析：句意：最后他到达了一个完全与外部世界隔绝的孤岛上。句中的先行词a lonely island 在后面的定语从句中作主语,故用which 引导。因先行词是地点名词短语a lonely island，学生很容易误选where来引导定语从句而不去分析先行词在句中所作的成分。 C 二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别 情况 用法说明 例句 只用that的情况 (1)先行词为all, Everything,anything, Nothing,little,much等不定代词时; (2)先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时; (3)先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时; (4)先行词既指人又指物时; (5)先行词被the only,the very修饰时; (6)句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时。 ①He told me everything that he knows. ②All the books that you offered have been given out. ③This is the best film that I have ever seen. ④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. ⑤He is the only man that I want to see. ⑥Who is the man that is making a speech？ 情况 用法说明 例句 只用which,who, whom 的情况 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人；