风险评价在管道安全中的应用讲述.doc

风险评价在管道安全中的应用 摘　　要 　　管道运输作为现代五大运输系统( 公路、铁路、水运、航空、管道) 之一，已经在现代工业生产和城市建设中得到广泛应用。随着石油、冶金、电力、化工、机械等行业的迅速发展，压力管道几乎被使用与一切流体的生产、加工、运输等过程。尤其是在石油天然气等能源行业的使用过程中，压力管道占据着越来越重要的地位，而且其工程也越来越复杂, 其发展趋势正走向大型化、整体化和自动化方向。但是随着油气管道的增加与管道服役年龄的增长，因管道结构失效引起的事故逐渐增多，这不仅给附近的居民的安全带来严重的威胁，也给油气生产企业带来很大的经济损失，并造成严重的环境污染。本文简要介绍了油气管道的风险评价理论原理以及其发展情况，并结合实例分析风险评价理论在油气管道安全中的应用情况。 关键词：油气管道；风险评价；发展；应用 Risk assessment on the application of the pipeline safety ABSTRACT 　　Pipeline transport as a modern one of the five major transportation system(highway,Railway, waterway, aviation and pipeline）.In modern industrial production and is widely used in the construction of city.As the rapid development of petroleum, metallurgy, electric power, chemical industry, machinery industry. Pressure piping be used with almost all process of production, processing and transportation of the fluid.Especially in the process of the use of energy such as oil and gas industry,Pressure piping occupies a more and more important position.And pressure pipeline engineering is becoming more and more complex, the development trend is toward large-scale, integration and automation direction.But with the increase of oil and gas pipelines and pipeline service in the growth of the age, the accident caused by pipeline structure failure.This will not only bring a serious threat to the safety of the residents near the, also brings to the oil and gas production enterprises great economic losses, and cause serious environmental pollution.This paper briefly introduces the principle of oil and gas pipeline risk evaluation theory and its development situation, and combined with case analysis risk evaluation theory in the application of the oil and gas pipeline safety. Key words:Oil and gas pipelines; Risk assessment; Development; Application 目　　录 1　前言................................................1 2　油气管道的风险评价理论..............................2 3　管道在应用中的风险因素..............................4 4　风险评价理论在油气管道安全中的应用实例..............7 　　4.1　基于RBI 的压力管道风险分析