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A continuum model for transport phenomena of solid–liquid phase
/locate/apm
Applied Mathematical Modelling 29 (2005) 805–817A continuum model for transport phenomena in convective
flow of solid–liquid phase change material suspensions
C.J. Ho *
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
Received 1 December 2003; received in revised form 1 November 2004; accepted 23 November 2004
Available online 1 January 2005Abstract
Heat and mass transport is modeled in convective flow of a dilute binary mixture of a continuous fluid
with mono-dispersed particles (PCM suspensions), in which solid–liquid phase change can take place. The
model is based on the mixture continuum approach together with an approximate enthalpy formulation, in
which the temporal and spatial variations of phase change fraction in the particles are considered explicitly.
Derivations are given for a set of equations governing conservation of mass, momentum, species, and
energy of the suspensions, as well as the evolution of phase change fraction of the dispersed particles.
2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Continuum mixture modeling; Solid–liquid phase change; PCM suspensions; Convective flow1. Introduction
Solid–liquid phase change material (PCM) has received great consideration for applications of
thermal energy storage and thermal management, owing to its high energy-storage density and
small temperature variation during melting/freezing process. With recent advances in technologies0307-904X/$ - see front matter 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.apm.2004.11.003
* Fax: +886 6 2352973.
E-mail address: cjho@.tw
806 C.J. Ho / Applied Mathematical Modelling 29 (2005) 805–817of microencapsulation and emulsion, a concept of PCM slurry or suspension has been proposed
[1] that fine PCM particles (typically with diameter of 1–20 lm) are dispersed in a carrier fluid. In
contrast to conventional particulate suspensions [2], the PCM suspension can serve as a dual-func-
tional medium for e
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