Booster Synchrotron Frequency Below Transition.pdf

FERMILAB-TM-2239 Booster Synchrotron Frequency Below Transition Xi Yang, James MacLachlan, Rene Padilla, and C. Ankenbrandt Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Box 500, Batavia IL 60510 Abstract The dipole mode synchrotron frequency is a basic beam parameter; it and a few similarly basic quantities measured at small time intervals serve to characterize the longitudinal beam dynamics throughout the acceleration cycle. The effective accelerating voltage, in conjunction with the amount of rf voltage required for the acceleration, is important for the estimate of the beam energy loss per turn. The dipole mode frequency can be used to obtain the effective accelerating rf voltage, providing that it can be measured precisely. The synchrotron frequency measured from the synchrotron phase detector signal (SPD) generally agrees well with calculation, and it can be applied for such purposes as inferring the effective rf voltage. Introduction It is important to have more than one method for estimating the effective rf voltage in the Booster. First, the effective accelerating rf voltage (V×sin(φs)) can be obtained from the direct measurements of the accelerating rf voltage (V) and the synchronous phase (φs). Secondly, it can be calculated using eq. (1) from the synchrotron frequency (fs) measured by the SPD[1]: ( ) ( ) ( )E heVff ss 200 2 cos πβ φη×= (1) Here h is the harmonic number of the rf frequency, 84 in the Booster. f0 is the revolution frequency, η0 is the phase slip factor, β is the Lorentz’s relativistic factor, and E is the total energy.[2] The agreement between the calculated and the measured synchrotron frequency becomes important for deciding whether or not the measured synchrotron frequency from the SPD signal can be trusted in estimating the effective accelerating rf voltage. 1 Experimental Result The signal to noise ratio from the SPD is