CaII and NaI absorption signatures from extraplanar gas in the halo of the Milky Way.pdf

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CaII and NaI absorption signatures from extraplanar gas in the halo of the Milky Way.pdf

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CaII and NaI absorption signatures from extraplanar gas in the halo of the Milky Way

a r X i v : 0 8 0 6 .3 2 0 4 v 1 [ a s t r o - p h ] 1 9 J u n 2 0 0 8 Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. 9067 c? ESO 2008 June 19, 2008 Ca ii and Na i absorption signatures from extraplanar gas in the halo of the Milky Way N. Ben Bekhti 1 , P. Richter 2 , T. Westmeier 3 , and M. T. Murphy 4 1 Argelander-Institut fu?r Astronomie, Universita?t Bonn, Auf dem Hu?gel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany e-mail: nbekhti@astro.uni-bonn.de 2 Institut fu?r Physik und Astronomie, Universita?t Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany e-mail: prichter@astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de 3 Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping NSW 1710, Australia e-mail: tobias.westmeier@csiro.au 4 Centre for Astrophysics Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia e-mail: mmurphy@.au Received xxxx; accepted month xxx ABSTRACT Aims. We analyse absorption characteristics and physical conditions of extraplanar intermediate- and high-velocity gas to study the distribution of the neutral and weakly ionised Milky Way halo gas and its relevance for the evolution of the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies. Methods. We combine optical absorption line measurements of Ca ii/Na i and 21 cm emission line observations of H i along 103 extragalactic lines of sight towards quasars (QSOs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The archival optical spectra were obtained with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) at the ESO Very Large Telescope, while the 21 cm H i observations were carried out using the 100-m radio telescope at Effelsberg. Results. The analysis of the UVES spectra shows that single and multi-component Ca ii/Na i absorbers at intermediate and high velocities are present in about 35 percent of the sight lines, indicating the presence of neutral extraplanar gas structures. In some cases the Ca ii/Na i absorption is connected with H i 21 cm intermediate- or high-velocity gas with H i column densities in th