Energy fluctuations and the ensemble equivalence in Tsallis statistics.pdf

ArXiv:0804.3735 Energy fluctuations and the ensemble equivalence in Tsallis statistics Liu Liyan, Du Jiulin Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China Abstract: We investigate the general property of the energy fluctuation for the canonical ensemble in Tsallis statistics and the ensemble equivalence. By taking the ideal gas and the non-interacting harmonic oscillators as examples, we show that, when the particle number is large enough, the relative fluctuation of the energy is proportional to N 1 in the new statistics, instead of N 1 in Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Thus the equivalence between the microcanonical and the canonical ensemble still holds in Tsallis statistics. N PACS number(s): Key words: Tsallis statistics; energy fluctuation; canonical ensemble. I. Introduction In statistical mechanics, there are three different ensembles, namely, the micro-canonical, the canonical and the grand canonical ensemble [1]. In the micro-canonical ensemble, the systems are isolated that both the energy and the particle numbers are fixed. In the canonical ensemble, the systems are closed that the particle number conserves and the energy is a variable, thus, in principle, the energy can take any values from zero to infinity. In the grand canonical ensemble, the systems are open ones that both the energy and the particle numbers are variables. Therefore, the three ensembles seem to be different from each other. However, for the canonical ensemble in Boltzmann-Gibbs (B-G) statistics, we know that, although the energy of a system can take any value between zero and infinity, the relative fluctuation of energy of a macroscopic system is so small that it can be negligible. The energy of a system is almost equal to the mean value, thus being the same as that in the micro-canonical ensemble. The relative fluctuations of energy and particle number in the grand canonical ensemble are also negligible. There