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GRACE Mission Design Impact of Uncertainties in Disturbance Environment and Satellite Force.pdf

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GRACE Mission Design Impact of Uncertainties in Disturbance Environment and Satellite Force

Paper AAS 00-163 GRACE Mission Design: Impact of Uncertainties in Disturbance Environment and Satellite Force Models Daniel D. Mazanek NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia Renjith R. Kumar, Hans Seywald, and Min Qu Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc. Hampton, Virginia AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting Clearwater, Florida 23-26 January, 2000 AAS Publications Office, P.O. Box 28130, San Diego, CA 92129 AAS 00-163 GRACE Mission Design: Impact of Uncertainties in Disturbance Environment and Satellite Force Models Daniel D. Mazanek * , Renjith R. Kumar ? , Hans Seywald ? , and Min Qu ? d.d.mazanek@, renji@, seywald@, minqu@ The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) primary mission will be performed by making measurements of the inter-satellite range change be- tween two co-planar, low altitude, near-polar orbiting satellites. Understanding the uncertainties in the disturbance environment, particularly the aerodynamic drag and torques, is critical in several mission areas. These include an accurate estimate of the spacecraft orbital lifetime, evaluation of spacecraft attitude con- trol requirements, and estimation of the orbital maintenance maneuver frequency necessitated by differences in the drag forces acting on both satellites. The FREEMOL simulation software has been developed and utilized to analyze and suggest design modifications to the GRACE spacecraft. Aerodynamic accom- modation bounding analyses were performed and worst-case envelopes were obtained for the aerodynamic torques and the differential ballistic coefficients between the leading and trailing GRACE spacecraft. These analyses demon- strate how spacecraft aerodynamic design and analysis can benefit from a better understanding of spacecraft surface accommodation properties, and the implica- tions for mission design constraints such as formation spacing control. INTRODUCTION Mission Synopsis The gravity field of the Earth is variable in both space and time. The primary ob