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Ionic liquid templated high surface area mesoporous silica and Ru-SiO2.pdf

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Ionic liquid templated high surface area mesoporous silica and Ru-SiO2

/locate/micromeso Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 91 (2006) 40–46Ionic liquid templated high surface area mesoporous silica and Ru–SiO2 Kake Zhu, Franc Poz?gan, Lawrence D’Souza, Ryan M. Richards * School of Engineering and Sciences, International University Bremen, Campus Ring 8, 28759 Bremen, Germany Received 1 September 2005; received in revised form 25 October 2005; accepted 2 November 2005 Available online 4 January 2006Abstract Imidazole type ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium ruthenium hexachloride were used to fabricate the well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica (under acidic and basic conditions), and Ru–SiO2, respectively. Small angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption were employed to characterize the structure. The mesoporosity of the silica matrix is preserved after calcination of organic templates. The pore diameter of silica prepared from acidic media (2.20 nm) was smaller and less ordered than that of silica from basic solution (2.74 nm). Further, the mesoporous structure of Ru–SiO2 was found to be preserved after calcination, however, RuO2 nanoparticles formed in the matrix of mesoporous silica upon calcination. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: High surface area; Mesoporous silica; Ru–SiO2; Ionic liquid; Imidazole; RuO21. Introduction The discovery of M41S silica by Mobil researchers [1] in 1992 stimulated a great deal of interest in the area of mes- oporous materials. Numerous studies followed on both the mechanism of formation of mesoporous materials and the application of these materials in heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, chromatographic separations, etc. [2–4]. Subsequent studies showed that primary amines, quaternary ammonium ions and block polymers can tem- plate the formation of mesoporous materials, in which the mesophase is determined by the electrostatic, hydro- gen-bon