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1MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science MAT651/550 I t d ti t M t i l S in ro uc on o a er a s c ence Kartik Ghosh Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science Chapter 2 - 1 Missouri State University MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science ISSUES TO ADDRESS CHAPTER 2 BONDING AND PROPERTIES ... ? What promotes bonding? ? What types of bonds are there? ? What properties are inferred from bonding? Chapter 2 - 2 2MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science Elementary Particles Electron: Fundamental Subatomic Particle Atomic Structure (Freshman Chem.) Mass (me) = 9.11x10-31 kg Charge (e) = -1.60 x 10-19 Coulomb or C Spin = 1/2 Chapter 2 - 3 MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science Proton and Neutron Proton: Fundamental Subatomic Particle Mass (mp) = 1.673x10-27 kg Charge (e) = 1.602 x 10-19 Coulomb or C Spin = 1/2 Neutron: Fundamental Subatomic Particle Chapter 2 - 4 Mass (mn) = 1.675x10-27 kg Charge (e) = 0 Spin =1/2 3MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science Photon Charge = 0 Rest Mass = 0 Spin = 1 S d f li ht i ( ) t t Chapter 2 - 5 pee o g n vacuum c = cons an c = 2x108 ~ 3 x 108 m/s MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science Atomic Structure (Freshman Chem.) ? atom – electrons protons neutrons ? atomic number = # of protons in nucleus of atom = # of electrons of neutral species ? A [=] atomic mass unit = amu = 1/12 mass of 12C Atomic wt = wt of 6.023 x 1023 molecules or atoms 1 amu/atom = 1g/mol Chapter 2 - 6 C 12.011 H 1.008 etc. 4MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science Atomic Structure ? Valence electrons determine all of the following properties 1) Chemical 2) Electrical 3) Thermal 4) Optical Chapter 2 - 7 MAT 651/550: Introduction to Materials Science Electronic Structure ? Electrons have wavelike and particulate properties. – This means that electrons are in orbitals defined by a probability . – Each orbital at discrete energy level determined by quantum numbers. Quantum # Designat