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Mechanisms for the extra-tropical QBO in circulation and ozone column.pdf

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Mechanisms for the extra-tropical QBO in circulation and ozone column

Mechanisms for the extra-tropical QBO in circulation and ozone. Jonathan S. Kinnersley and Ka Kit Tung Department of Applied MathematicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WA 98195-2420 Submitted to JAS February 1998Revised August 1998To appear June(?) 1999 1 AbstractA two-and-a-half dimensional interactive stratospheric model, (i.e. a zonally-averageddynamical-chemical model combined with a truncated spectral dynamical model) whoseequatorial zonal wind was relaxed towards the observed Singapore zonal wind, was able toreproduce much of the observed QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation) variability in the columnozone and also in its vertical distribution in the low and middle latitudes, and also in the highSouthern polar latitudes. To reveal the mechanisms responsible for producing the modeledQBO signal over the globe, several control runs were also performed. We nd that the ozonevariability in the lower stratosphere|and hence also in the column|is determined mainlyby two dynamical mechanisms. In the low to mid latitudes it is created by a direct QBOcirculation. Unlike the classic picture of a non-seasonal two-cell QBO circulation symmetricabout the Equator, a more correct picture is a direct QBO circulation which is stronglyseasonal, driven by the seasonality in diabatic heating, which is very weak in the summerhemisphere and strong in the winter hemisphere at low and mid latitudes. This anomalouscirculation is what is responsible for creating the ozone anomaly at low and mid latitudes.Transport by the climatological circulation and diusion is found to be ineective. At highlatitudes, there is again a circulation anomaly, but here it is induced by the modulation of theplanetary wave potential vorticity ux by the QBO. This so-called Holton-Tan mechanismis responsible for most of the QBO ozone signal poleward of 60 degrees. During springin the modeled Northern polar region chaotic behaviour is another important source ofinterannual variability, in addition to the interannua