建筑专业英语_03SurveyingandMapping分析.ppt

Unit 3 Surveying and Mapping;Dialogue;Objectives;A: I was told that you are a very good architect. Can you tell me something about drawings? B: Sure. There are three kinds of drawings: elevations, plans and sections. A: Is an elevation the view of one side of a building? B: Yes, it is. A building with four different sides has four elevations. Elevations show the shapes and sizes of the outside doors and windows. They show their positions in the walls.;elevations;A: What about a plan? B: A plan is the view of a building from above. It shows the thickness of the outside wall, the thickness of the inside wall and the positions of the doors and windows. You need several plans for your home. For a multi-storey building, you need a ground floor plan, a standard floor plan and a top floor plan. It shows the kind of view you would have if you could take the roof off and look into the house from a helicopter.;the outside wall;A: Oh, I see. In my opinion, a section cuts the house from top to bottom. B: You are right. It shows the height of the rooms inside the building and the thickness of the floors. It also shows the height of the bottom of the windows from the floor and the height from the tops of the doors and windows to the ceiling.;A: What is the scale of such drawings? B: They are often on the scale of one inch to four feet. Of course, the first thing you look at on the map would be the scale. It tells you what length a line should be on the map to show a certain distance on the ground.;Surveying Instruments; These instruments provide the information needed for drawing the map. But it is much simpler and more accurate to use a leveling instrument. The usual type, known as the dumpy level, is fixed, like the theodolite, on a tripod, to bring the line of sight up to a convenient height above ground, so that the surveyor can sight the surveying points without tiring. Many tripods are telescopic and their legs can be widely varied in length.; Three more pieces